The implementation of grid-connected, residential rooftop photovoltaic systems under different load scenarios in Malaysia

The current work discusses the implementation of grid-connected, residential rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems under scenario low (300 kWh/month), medium (600 and high (2100 kWh/month) electric loads. analysis shows that, all load scenarios, using PV with increasing ratings increased renewable fraction (by at least 5% for 1 kW to as much 89% 12 load) reduced carbon emission negative load). Furthermore, highest rating (12 PV) was preferred low, medium, loads, net present cost (NPC) 29%, 72%, 29% lowered than respective grid reference systems. Nevertheless, a long discounted payback period required, especially (above 20 yr). A few scenarios regard module price, sellback rate, tariff tax were therefore analyzed, which led NPC reductions 20%, 40%, 12%, respectively, 6 load, in addition shortened periods. Although Malaysian data used purposes, has worldwide implications, where it serves techno-economic model that provides sustainable development framework understanding technically economically installation households driving installations across Southeast Asia.